Hate Crime Laws
–Rhode Island’s data collection law includes both sexual orientation and gender identity, but its actual hate crime statute includes only sexual orientation. Click “Citations & More Information” beneath the map legend for more detail.
–Tennessee state law explicitly enumerates sexual orientation, but not gender identity. However, the law does enumerate “gender,” and the state attorney general affirms that this means transgender people are also protected.
–Both Arkansas and Indiana have laws that are sometimes mischaracterized as hate crime laws. However, the laws in these two states are written so broadly that they could be applied to virtually any circumstance, which is at odds which both the structure and purpose of hate crime law. For more information, click the “Read the State-by-State Statutes” button, or read MAP’s July 2021 report on hate crime laws linked below.
Movement Advancement Project. 2026. “Equality Maps: Hate Crime Laws.” https://mapresearch.org/equality-map/hate-crime-laws/. Data as of June 12, 2026.
Percent of Adult LGBTQ Population Covered by Laws
*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the LGBTQ adult population living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of the LGBTQ adult population in the five inhabited U.S. territories are not available, and so cannot be reflected here.
*Note: Indiana does not have a hate crime law, but it does require data collection about hate crimes, including based on sexual orientation. Kentucky’s hate crime law includes hate crimes based on sexual orientation, but it does not require data collection about hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Utah’s hate crime law includes hate crimes based on both sexual orientation and gender identity, but it does not require data collection about hate crimes based on either category.
The FBI asks all jurisdictions (e.g., law enforcement agencies and local, county, state governments) to provide data about hate crimes based on all categories included in federal hate crime law, even if federal law is more inclusive than state law. However, very few law enforcement agencies report hate crime data directly to the FBI at all, and governments may only collect or report on categories that their state law requires.
Read MAP’s report Policy Spotlight: Hate Crime Laws (July 2021) for more analysis of the many dimensions of state hate crime laws, the complex patchwork across states, the limitations of hate crime laws, and the potential opportunities for expanding social and policy responses to hate violence.
Recommended citation:
Movement Advancement Project. 2026. “Equality Maps: Hate Crime Laws.” https://mapresearch.org/equality-map/hate-crime-laws/. Data as of June 12, 2026.
Percent of Adult LGBTQ Population Covered by Laws
*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the LGBTQ adult population living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of the LGBTQ adult population in the five inhabited U.S. territories are not available, and so cannot be reflected here.
*Note: Kentucky’s hate crime law includes hate crimes based on sexual orientation, but its law enforcement training requirement does not. Oregon’s hate crime law includes hate crimes based on gender identity, but its law enforcement training requirement does not.
In states without hate crime training requirements, law enforcement may still receive such training, but it is not statutorily required that they do so.
Read MAP’s report Policy Spotlight: Hate Crime Laws (July 2021) for more analysis of the many dimensions of state hate crime laws, the complex patchwork across states, the limitations of hate crime laws, and the potential opportunities for expanding social and policy responses to hate violence.
Recommended citation:
Movement Advancement Project. 2026. “Equality Maps: Hate Crime Laws.” https://mapresearch.org/equality-map/hate-crime-laws/. Data as of June 12, 2026.
Percent of Adult LGBTQ Population Covered by Laws
*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the LGBTQ adult population living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of the LGBTQ adult population in the five inhabited U.S. territories are not available, and so cannot be reflected here.
key
Law covers sexual orientation
Law covers sexual orientation and gender identity/expression
| State | Hate Crime Law | Data Collection | Law Enforcement Training | Year Hate Crime Law Passed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Citation | Citation | ||
| Alabama |
|
|
|
|
| Alaska |
|
|
|
|
| American Samoa |
|
|
|
|
| Arizona |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
Law covers SO
|
2003
|
| Arkansas |
|
|
|
|
| California |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
1999
|
| Colorado |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
2005
|
| Connecticut |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2004
|
| Delaware |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
1997 (SO); 2013 (GI)
|
| District of Columbia |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
1989
|
| Florida |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
|
2001
|
| Georgia |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
2020
|
| Guam |
|
|
|
|
| Hawaii |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
2003
|
| Idaho |
|
|
|
|
| Illinois |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2001 (SO); 2016 (GI)
|
| Indiana |
|
Law covers SO
|
|
|
| Iowa |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
Law covers SO
|
2002
|
| Kansas |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
|
|
2002
|
| Kentucky |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
|
|
2001
|
| Louisiana |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
Law covers SO
|
2002
|
| Maine |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2001
|
| Maryland |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2005
|
| Massachusetts |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2002 (SO); 2011 (GI)
|
| Michigan |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO
|
|
2025
|
| Minnesota |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
1993
|
| Mississippi |
|
|
|
|
| Missouri |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
1999
|
| Montana |
|
|
|
|
| Nebraska |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
|
2002
|
| Nevada |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
2001 (SO); 2013 (GI)
|
| New Hampshire |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
2002 (SO); 2019 (GI)
|
| New Jersey |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2002 (SO); 2008 (GI)
|
| New Mexico |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2003
|
| New York |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2002 (SO); 2019 (GI)
|
| North Carolina |
|
|
|
|
| North Dakota |
|
|
|
|
| Northern Mariana Islands |
|
|
|
|
| Ohio |
|
|
|
|
| Oklahoma |
|
|
|
|
| Oregon |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2001 (SO); 2008 (GI)
|
| Pennsylvania |
|
|
|
|
| Puerto Rico |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
|
| Rhode Island |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
2001 (SO)
|
| South Carolina |
|
|
|
|
| South Dakota |
|
|
|
|
| Tennessee |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
|
|
2001
|
| Texas |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
Law covers SO
|
Law covers SO
|
2002
|
| U.S. Virgin Islands |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
2014
|
| Utah |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
2019
|
| Vermont |
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
|
2001
|
| Virginia |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
|
2020
|
| Washington |
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
Law covers SO and GI
|
1993 (SO); 2009 (GI)
|
| West Virginia |
|
|
|
|
| Wisconsin |
Law covers Sexual Orientation
|
|
|
2002
|
| Wyoming |
|
|
|
|
